is quite known fact that rural women, particularly the Andean and Amazon, are the poorest and excluded from the Peruvian population [1] . This situation is confirmed from various approaches: access to public services, maternal mortality, education, access to employment, income, home ownership, family violence, etc.. Sinesio Lopez showed that they were the ones with the greatest obstacles to access their rights and exercise their citizenship status. [2]
is a situation with a long past, but several efforts in recent decades managed to initiate a process of change in this situation, having as one of the most salient aspects of the organization and training of female leaders, claiming various rights. It can be said that women were more citizens, though poverty and discrimination did not change significantly.
In recent decades, national economic growth scenario, based predominantly on the export of raw materials and agricultural products, the deepening of political freedom trade, the presence of large mining investments, furthering social policies both in the field of health and education (including "Together"), the largest physical integration and communication in the country, the resistance movements (particularly the indigenous Amazonian ) as well as developing new lines of work and advocacy from civil society aimed at rural populations and particularly women, could be designing a new scenario in which the situation of rural women and their place in the economy can be changing significantly. [3] [4] These various changes are related to the move in other dimensions of life of rural women and has consequences for other groups with which they are linked.
In this perspective we note as data to take into account the reduction of female illiteracy [5] , the feminization of labor [6] , increased migration, the largest number of households are headed by a female family [7] , the associative process and production organization of women, the claim of ethnic identity, changes in legislation regarding the right to patrimony [8] , etc.
The Rural Women seminar aims to be a space that allows more light on the current situation of rural women in the context of economic and political processes under way that is useful to design and propose policies for to more efficiently address the poverty and marginalization that affects them, and strengthening of its leadership and autonomy.
presentations are intended to provide new information and knowledge, as well as policy proposals, which serve to advocacy work.
[1 ] According to National Statistics Institute (INEI), rural women in Peru are the sector of the population with lower educational level and show higher rates of illiteracy and maternal mortality. Their life expectancy is 7 years younger than urban women; have less access to resources and employment opportunities, and have higher levels of malnutrition and anemia. L to extreme poverty focuses on young women (62.7%) and particularly affects rural women.
[2] The level of access and control over productive and economic resources is minimal and limited. Their level of participation is low. Only 11.41% of the female population in rural areas has birth and 9.49% have national identity.
[3] There are about 75 000 women involved in coffee cultivation in the north, northeast, central and southern Peru, who manage their own plots, plant, harvest, sort and wash the coffee, then left at the collection centers of their cooperatives. Subsequently, business managers placed the product in different markets of the world ..
[4] In this regard, information PROMUC consortium, which brings together 12 institutions that operate community banks, in June 2007 had more than 6,400 community banks and approximately 126,000 clients, of which more 95% are women.
[5] As noted, rural women tend to have higher dropout rates for admission to the childbearing, cohabitation or Early marriage and adolescent pregnancy .. In the case of young people aged 12 to 16 years, the attendance rate is 62.2% as opposed to 92% of girls aged 6 to 11 years of age. On average, rural youth reach an average of 6.6 years of . also influence dropout long distances they must travel to get to school and receiving support demand in the domestic and productive work
[6] The statistics show that in recent years through greater participation of women in the population EAP Economically Active, by its growing integration into the labor market, and that for every 100 females age 14 and older considered suitable for developing an economic activity 46, are part of the national workforce and according to geographical area, the EAP female reaches 35% in rural areas.
SUNAT According to the number of women with businesses registered in the National Register of Taxpayers (RUC) has increased from 708.323 in 2002 to 1'485, 000 in 2007. While 56% of people enrolled in the National Register Simplified (RUS) are women. As can be seen, the participation of women in the MSE driving has increased in recent years. According to official data, 22% of MSEs are led by women.
[7] This migration primarily "male", has led to an increase in female-headed households (estimated to represent 20%). This migration, and increase the number of female heads of household, also has become a major farmers and producers ...
[8] several decades in Peru, legislation has been moving forward in recognizing the right of women to property. Similar inheritance rights are recognized by both spouses, eliminating the treatment of widows receiving limited, for now recognizes inheritance rights are similar to the children. However, the macho mentality strong presence in many sectors of society and especially in the rural world, makes those rights remain a dead letter: the head of household is the male, inheritance or benefit men at higher rates than to daughters, the land owner is the husband.
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